Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds from Leaf of Agarista salicifolia

Agarista salicifolia is the wild tree and has been used as important medicinal plants in South Ethiopia since a long time ago. The aim of this work was to carry out a chemical analysis focusing on secondary metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds, which have several roles in the plant physiological processes and have demonstrated significant capacity in the prevention of human health diseases.

Phenolic acids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and dihydrochalcones were characterized and quantified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS), FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy techniques.

After extraction with ethanol, compounds were characterized and quantified based on retention time, molecular ions, and the comparison with reference compounds.

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Bio-based Polymeric Materials from Epoxidized Triglyceride and Rosin Derivatives

In this study, bio-based polymeric materials have been developed from plant oil and rosin derivative. An acid-catalyzed curing of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) in the presence of rosin derivative produced the transparent bio-based materials.

The resulting polyESO/rosin derivatives exhibited excellent flexiblity. Dynamic viscoelasticity analysis presented the formation of the homogeneous structure of ESO polymer and rosin components. The incorporation of the rosin components improved the thermal properties and increased elongation at break.

Furthermore, the present materials showed high adhesion property. The development of the bio-based materials from inexpensive renewable resources, plant oil and rosins, is expected to contribute to global sustainability systems.

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Raman Characterization of Phenyl-Derivatives: From Primary Amine to Diazonium Salts

Aryl-diazonium derivatives (ADD) are a class of highly useful reaction intermediates, or reagents. Their salts are generally obtained from the diazotization of aromatic amines in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphate or hexafluoroantimonate.

Aryl-diazonium salts are widely used in organic chemistry as reactants for different syntheses. For instance, the process of nitrogen elimination from diazonium cations is a fundamental stage of the Meerwein and Sandmeyer reactions.

The rise in popularity of aryl-diazonium salts has further resulted from their efficiency in surface functionalization, where covalently attached coatings on (semi)-conducting materials bear a wide range of functional groups.

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The Structural Study of [2-Cl-C6H4C(O)NH] P(O)[NHC6H4-4-CH3]2

A new phosphoric triamide with the formula [2-Cl-C6H4C(O)NH]P(O)[NHC6H4-4- CH3]2 has been investigated by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinicsystem, with P21/c space group.

 [2-Cl-C6H4C(O)NH] P(O)[NHC6H4-4-CH3]2

In this molecule, the P atom has a distorted tetrahedral environment. The N atoms bonded to P atom have mainly sp2 character. In the crystal, the molecules are aggregated through NCP―H…O═P and NP―H…O═C hydrogen bonds in a linear arrangement along the b axis, by forming a sequence of alternate R22 (8) and R22 (12) motifs (NCP is the nitrogen atom of C(O)NHP(O) segment and the NP stands the two other nitrogen atoms bonded to the P atom). Furthermore, C―H…O and C―H…Cl intermolecular interactions complete a 3D structure. Phosphoramides constitute a well-studied sub-class of phosphorus (V)-nitrogen compounds due to the biological activity of some derivatives and growing applications in pharmacological and agricultural industry.Read more>>>>>>>>>

Effect of Oat Forthe Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia; Randomized Controlled Trial

Dyslipidemia has become a growing public health problem. The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemiain Mexico is high (23.6%), however there are studies in health institutions in which the prevalence is higher —between 35 and 48%.

Oat Forthe Treatment 

Where we can see part of the magnitude of the problem, which increases if other factors associated with overweight, hypertension, diabetes and smoking are added. As a general rule, it is considered that hyperlipoproteinemia exists when plasma cholesterol is > 5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) or the level of triglycerides exceeds 2.2 mmol/L (150 mg/dL). It has been found that controlling the levels of serum lipid stabilizes the atheromatous plaque inducing regression of the lesion and slowing down the development of vascular obstruction, with beneficial effects in reducing vascular events as well as related mortality; namely, persistent vascular lesions match with sustained high triglycerides levels . Read more>>>>>>

Cropping Practice and Makeup Shortfall of Pulse Production with Reduced Emission of Green House Gas-Nitrous Oxide

Intercropping is a known and adopted practice in agriculture world over. However, there is no specific set rule for operating it and hence so are the experimental results.

The objective of this study was to innovate a set principle of inter cropping for universal applications in agriculture. The study presents yield data from earlier researches and analyses to innovate the principle.

It applies the principle of nitrogen cycle, sulphur cycle, environmental chemistry, alellopathy, spatial and temporal considerations, physics and chemistry, microbiology, environmental science and devised principle of the inter cropping. The principle is that in inter cropping a legume crop is must as an associate crop.

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Separation and Activity against Drug-resistant Bacteria of Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline in Lipophilic Akaloids from Stephania tetrandra

Tetrandrine and fangchinoline were separate in total alkaloids from Stephania tetrandra and the activities against drug-resistant bacteria in-vitro were investigated. Preparative medium pressure liquid chromatography and semi-preparative highperformance liquid chromatography were applied to separate and purify tetrandrine and fangchinoline.

Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline

Agar dilution method was used to test the anti-drug–resistant bacteria activity and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRSA 13366 and ESBLproducing Escherichia coli 13025. Tetrandrine and fangchinoline were identified by TLC and NMR spectra; The viable count absorbance regression equations were Y=9.5715x-0.3439(R2=0.9907) for MRSA 13366 and Y=8.6245x-0.1802(R2=0.9972) for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli 13025; MICs of tetrandrine were 80 μg/ml for MRSA 13366 and 160 μg/ml for ESBL-producin E. coli 13025; MICs of fangchinoline were 160 μg/ml for MRSA and 320 μg/ml for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli 13025. Read more>>>>>

Chaos Based Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cardiac Dysfunction

Congestive Heart Failure is a growing menace spreading its jaws worldwide. As for all diseases, early detection of the disease is the key to thwart the rampagecaused by the disease.

Cardiac Dysfunction

With the existent diagnostic devices and methodologies, cost of diagnosis is high and some are painful due to their invasive nature. This has led us to apply non-linear methods for analysis of ECG signals and formulate biomarkers. Analysis of cardiac signals using fractal analysis has gained sufficient momentum over the past few years. In this article the cardiac dynamics of ECG data are explored with chaos based non-linear time series analysis techniques -- Hurst exponent and Power of scale freeness in Visibility Graph PSVG. The ECG data of normal subjects and CHF subjects are taken from Physionet database and analyzed with these techniques to calculate values of Hurst Exponent and PSVG.

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Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds from Leaf of Agarista salicifolia

In the practice of traditional medicine, people have made use of the active compounds from various plants in the form of medicine, to cure diseases. In fact, Ethiopia has about6,000-7,500 plant species and among them many have been claimed to possessmedicinal properties.

Agarista salicifolia

These medicinal plants have always been associated with cultural behavior and traditional knowledge. Due to a better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with human body and low toxicity and low persistence in the environment, it needs for scientific validation of these useful medicinal plants is very essential. Among traditional medicinal plant, A. salicifolia is tropical plants that found in Ethiopia especial highland region of Sidaama Zone. Phytochemical constituents of A. salicifolia revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanin, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids.

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Variation in Growth Dynamics and Reproductive Allocation in Ajuga Species across Different Altitudes

Plants are unable to escape the hazards of environment in which they grow because of their sessile habit. To cope with this, many plants undergo variation in one or more morphological characters in response to both abiotic (e.g., climate andweather) and biotic (e.g., grazing and competition) factors of the environment as an adjustment to resource availability.

Ajuga Species

This adjustment to environment is generally referred as phenotypic plasticity. Recently more attention has been given to the acclimation of morphological, biochemical and physiological traits of plants along an altitudinal gradient. Abiotic factors have a significant effect on the morphological variability, despite the fact that it may be due to ontogenic programming of the plant as well. Abiotic variables such as water stress, mineral nutrient deficiency and geographical position may have an impact on the overall plant morphology.

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Solvent Substitution Evaluation of Limestone Water as a Medium for Benzoylation

“No coopora nisi fluida”, the terms depicts extent and need of solvent for a chemical reaction to proceed, was coined by Greece Philosopher Aristotle.

However, it has now been found that reactions to an extent may occur even in solventless environment where host reactant and attacking reagent directly comes in contact with each other.

Both the techniques when compared in terms of synthetic scenario have their own pros and cons nevertheless use of solvent to assist a chemical reaction is still unquestionable owing to their decisive direct influence on outcomes such as reaction rate, product purity, its yield, economic value, and eco-friendly technique.

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Evaluation of Effectiveness of Bioactive Principles of Mucuna pruriens Seeds

Mucuna pruriens Linn. (DC) seeds are natural popular remedy, clinically used for the management of Parkinson’s disease. Depression is most common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinsonism.

Present study evaluates effect of bioactive constituents of the M. pruriens seeds in experimental models of depression associated with Parkinsonism.

Methods and Findings: Effect of 14 days treatment of isolated levodopa (ILD), alkaloid fraction (AF) and amino acid fraction (AAF) of the M.

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Pioglitazone Hydrochloride/SDS Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine: A Cyclic Voltammetric Study

The drug based sensor was fabricated for the electrochemical determination of dopamine, carbon paste electrode was modified using Pioglitazone Hydrochloride drug and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate.

The electrochemical parameters of the fabricated electrode were scrutinized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetric techniques. The modified Pioglitazone Hydrochloride/SDS carbon paste electrode had excellent electro catalytic property with promising selectivity towards the detection of dopamine in presence uric acid and ascorbic acid.

The detection limit of dopamine and uric acid were found to be 1.081 nd 1.147 μM respectively. The proposed sensor was successfully fit for the analysis of dopamine in pharmaceutical sample.

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Solvent Substitution Evaluation of Limestone Water as a Medium for Benzoylation

“No coopora nisi fluida”, the terms depicts extent and need of solvent for a chemical reaction to proceed, was coined by Greece Philosopher Aristotle.

However, it has now been found that reactions to an extent may occur even in solventless environment where host reactant and attacking reagent directly comes in contact with each other.

Both the techniques when compared in terms of synthetic scenario have their own pros and cons nevertheless use of solvent to assist a chemical reaction is still unquestionable owing to their decisive direct influence on outcomes such as reaction rate, product purity, its yield, economic value, and eco-friendly technique.

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Cyclosporine/SDS Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Study of Dopamine

A sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed by cyclosporine and sodium dodecyl sulphate for the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA).

The modified Cyclosporine carbon paste electrode was further modified by immobilization of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as a surfactant.

The Modified Cyclosporine/SDS carbon paste electrode showed an excellent electro catalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine.

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Crossed Aldol Condensation (CAC) as a Feasible Route for Synthesis of a 1, 2-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound-1,3 Diphenylpropenone

We here report an optimized crossed aldol method for synthesis of 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compound, 1,3-diphenylpropenone (82-93% yield) rely on alcoholic base assisted condensation of arylmethyl ketone with aromatic aldehydes.

The method simply follows the conventional synthetic route however an extraordinary control over various reaction parameters enhance its synthetic practicability. Furthermore, a comparative study has been done to explore the scope for synthesis of 1,3-diphenylpropenone by crossed aldol reaction by solvent assisted method (SAM) and solvent-less method (SLM).

Undeniably, solvent-less technique (90-95% yield) hold superiority however tuning of certain reaction parameters, leveled-up solvent assisted crossed aldol reaction, but not to an analogues platform.

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Phytochemical Evaluation of Various Solvent Extracts of the Leaves, Fruits and Shoots of Ferula Jaeschkeana Vatke

The genus Ferula possess strong aromatic smell due to the presence of essential oil or oleoresin and is well-known in folk medicine for the treatment of various disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of phytochemicals in various solvent extracts of leaves, fruits and shoots of Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke.

This study investigates the effects of ethanol, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts of leaves, fruits and shoots. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents in the extracts of leaves, fruits and shoots.

Phytochemical analysis of extracts of leaves confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, proteins, anthraquinone glycosides, phytosterols, tannins, steroids, coumarins, quinones, carbohydrates, resins, triterpenoids and xanthoproteins, while it gave the negative results for cardiac glycosides, amino acids, phlobotannins and oxalates.

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Advances in Triterpenoid Saponins Research 2007-2012

Triterpenoid saponins isolated and identified from natural resources during the period April, 2007-December, 2012 are reviewed. Current techniques used in their isolation and structure determination are discussed.

New triterpenoid saponins isolated along with their occurrence, selected physical data, spectroscopic methods used for their identification and the 13C NMR data of the novel aglycones of the parent saponins are compiled.

The biological properties of those molecules are also included. Green corrosion inhibition effects of saponins and biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and production of triterpenoid saponins by tissue culture of those molecules are also discussed.

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Evaluation of Effectiveness of Bioactive Principles of Mucuna pruriens Seeds Using Experimental Models of Depression Associated with Parkinsonism and Associated Neurotransmitter Turnover

Mucuna pruriens Linn. (DC) seeds are natural popular remedy, clinically used for the management of Parkinson’s disease. Depression is most common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinsonism.

Present study evaluates effect of bioactive constituents of the M. pruriens seeds in experimental models of depression associated with Parkinsonism.

Effect of 14 days treatment of isolated levodopa (ILD), alkaloid fraction (AF) and amino acid fraction (AAF) of the M. pruriens seeds were investigated in the catalepsy test, forced swim test, rotarod test and locomotor activity test after haloperidol challenge in mice.

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Validation of the Koopman's Theorem in DFT by Means of the Calculation of the Conceptual DFT Descriptors of Three Fluorescent DNA Staining Dyes

The fulfillment of the "Koopmans' theorem in DFT" is verified by means of the calculation of several global descriptors arising from Conceptual DFT. They have been calculated through a ΔSCF procedure, and by means of the HOMO and LUMO frontier orbitals.

The latest Minnesota family of density functionals has been considered and three fluorescent DNA staining dyes have been studied: Hoechst 33258, Hoechst 33342 and Hoechst 34580.

On the basis of the obtained Conceptual DFT indices, a series of descriptors have been devised in order to determine the accuracy of each model chemistry considered here in the verification of the mentioned theorem.

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Crossed Aldol Condensation (CAC) as a Feasible Route for Synthesis of a 1, 2-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound-1,3 Diphenylpropenone

We here report an optimized crossed aldol method for synthesis of 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compound, 1,3-diphenylpropenone (82-93% yield) rely on alcoholic base assisted condensation of arylmethyl ketone with aromatic aldehydes.

The method simply follows the conventional synthetic route however an extraordinary control over various reaction parameters enhance its synthetic practicability.

Furthermore, a comparative study has been done to explore the scope for synthesis of 1,3-diphenylpropenone by crossed aldol reaction by solvent assisted method (SAM) and solvent-less method (SLM). Undeniably, solvent-less technique (90-95% yield) hold superiority however tuning of certain reaction parameters, leveled-up solvent assisted crossed aldol reaction, but not to an analogues platform.

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Crossed Aldol Condensation (CAC) as a Feasible Route for Synthesis of a 1, 2-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound-1,3 Diphenylpropenone

Acrolein, acrylic acid, crotonaldehyde, crotonic acid, ethyl crotonate, isocrotonic acid, fumeric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methyl acrylate are few examples of compounds bearing 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl functionality, characterized by presence of keto-ethylenic moiety separated by a single C-C bond.

This unique configuration assigns the molecule an reactive double bond amenable to get attack by nucleophile at 1st as well 2nd position however 2nd predominate leading to formation of 1,4 addition type product. Synthetically, the 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compounds can be synthesize by numerous synthetic pathways, aldol reaction among meritoriously distinguished.

Aldol condensation represents an important class of selfcondensing reactions providing unique synthetic platform for yielding 1,2-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, further chemically modified as per applicability. 

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